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Cutaneous Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in iatrogenically immunocompromised patients without transplantation.

Lott JP, Werth VP, Kovarik CL

Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Cutaneous Mycobacterium haemophilum infections are most often the result of HIV or transplantation-associated immunosuppression. Rarely, M. haemophilum may infect healthy patients or iatrogenically immunosuppressed patients without transplantation. We herein report two cases of cutaneous M. haemophilum infection in HIV-negative patients without transplantation undergoing iatrogenic immunosuppression. Our cases and a literature review highlight the various clinical contexts in which M. haemophilum may arise in this patient population. Accordingly, we emphasize that a high index of suspicion is needed for diagnosis, which ultimately relies on skin biopsy, histopathologic examination, and culture.

Published 23 June 2008 in J Am Acad Dermatol, 59(1): 139-42.
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